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Welcome to IAABO Play Book+
Concurrent Jurisdiction
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This video was developed by IAABO to show the Casebook in a visual format and help officials learn the rules by seeing them applied. You, the viewer, can decide how best to enjoy the video.
For individuals who want to understand the play situation, the clip contains a title page, casebook page, and a "Key Concepts" page that outlines each play situation and the pertinent rules that apply. Each of these pages will stay on the screen for 3 seconds. The viewer can "pause" the video on any of these pages to allow the necessary time to read the information.
If the viewer wishes to go directly to the video clip, simply move your cursor to the 9-second mark of the clip and watch the play. See if you can determine the correct ruling. The clip will play a second time. This time, the clip will provide a “Play Analysis” and outline the correct ruling and key concepts that apply.
We hope you will enjoy this educational tool, and it enhances your understanding of the rules.
To see more plays like this, log onto the “Members Area” on the IAABO website at https://www.iaabo.org and you will have access to the entire Video Playbook database.
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Block/Charge Coverage (Crew of 2)
(IAABO Manual pg. 20, Section 7.d, pgs. 46-47 Diagrams)
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Ruling on Block/Charge plays remains one of the biggest challenges in today’s game. In addition to mastering the rules involved, officials need to be aware of the proper coverages and responsibilities to ensure we are in a position to get these plays right.
The Lead is responsible for identifying potential secondary defenders in anticipation for block/charge plays. In a Crew of 2, when a player drives to the basket, the Lead is primarily responsible for ruling on plays in the lane area when it involves primary or secondary defenders.
There will be times when the Lead does not have an open view at the contact situation. In those instances, the Trail official should be prepared to make the ruling.
One purpose for outlining these specific coverages is to reduce the number of double whistles that occur in the lane area on drives to the basket. In order to prevent conflicting rulings should a double whistle occur, officials are reminded to display the “stop-the-clock” signal, make eye contact with their partner(s) before signaling. Often times, after making eye contact the crew should defer to the official who is primarily responsible for the play to make the ruling. If a conference is necessary, the officials may get together to briefly discuss to ensure the ruling is accurate.
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Three Seconds - The Forgotten Rule
(Thomas Hanbach, Bd. 50 NY)
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The game of basketball would be better served if officials were more focused on accurately applying the three-second rule. This rule has been a Point of Emphasis on a few occasions throughout the years as the NFHS Rules Committee has identified the lack of enforcement as an area of concern.
All officials should know that a player cannot remain in the free throw lane for three seconds while the ball is in control of his/her team in their frontcourt. (9-7-1) This restriction applies to any player (whose team is in control of the ball) that has at least one foot in the lane. All lines designating the free-throw lane (but not lane-space marks) are part of the lane. (9-7-2)
The penalty for this infraction is the ball will be awarded to the opponents for a throw-in from the designated out-of-bounds spot nearest the violation.
Casebook play 9.7.2 further clarifies how a player in the lane may terminate the 3-second count by exiting the lane. In that play situation, A1 is standing with one foot inside and the other outside the three-second restricted area when A1 lifts the foot from the restricted area and returns it there without touching it first to the non-restricted area. This action does not terminate the three-second count. For a player to be considered outside the restricted area, they must place both feet outside the free-throw lane.
Furthermore, once a try is in flight, team control ends, and there is no three-second count during the rebounding action. Also, during throw-ins, the team control that begins at disposal does not apply to the 3-second rule. There must be team control on the playing court (with the ball achieving frontcourt status) for the 3-second rule to apply.
It should also be noted that the count should be done by the officials “in their head,” as a “visual” count is not required by the officials. Officials should also get in the habit of finding the ball before sounding the whistle and ruling a violation. If the ball is in flight on a try when the count reaches three, the restriction has ended, and no violation has occurred.
In some instances, the 3-second count should be suspended, as an allowance shall be made for a player who has been in the restricted area for less than three seconds, dribbles in, or moves immediately to try for a field goal. If while the count is suspended, the player with the ball does not attempt a try, a violation should be ruled. It should be noted that this aspect of the rule only applies to a player with the ball. A teammate in the lane may still commit a 3-second violation during a drive to the basket.
The most obvious misinterpretation of this rule is when the player is in the restricted area with the ball when the ball is batted loose. Team control continues during the loose ball and if the offensive player remains the lane, the count should continue. Many officials incorrectly terminate the count in this situation.
The primary responsibility for this ruling falls on the Lead Official. The Lead should stay focused on players in the lane and attempt to get a proper view of the lane area to make this ruling. In the Crew of 2, the Trail official can help on the weak side. In a Crew of 3, the Center official should also be aware of offensive players in the lane when the ball is on the Trail’s side of the basket line.
This rule has been misapplied for several years, and we, as officials, need to do a better job making this ruling. Coaches and players will adjust. We sometimes lose sight of the advantage gained for the offensive team if we do not properly enforce the rules. Many officials see the three-second rules as chintzy or small potatoes. However, with these players in close proximity to the basket, it is easy to realize just how important this rule is to the game. The lack of enforcement can also lead to rough post play as defenders get frustrated that offensive players are allowed extra time in the lane.
Officials need to apply this rule the same as we do for traveling, backcourt, illegal dribbles and the other violations. Failing to rule properly on this violation creates an unfair advantage unintended by the rules. This season, make the three-second rule the attention it deserves. Best wishes for a successful season!
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Rules Quizzes
(Answers are located at the bottom of the page)
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NFHS Edition
1. The referee has no authority to move the location of either bench unless it involves player safety. True or False?
2. A3’s try is on the ring when B3 knocks the ball away. The official rules basket Interference. True or False?
3. The basket consists of the following:
A. Ring.
B. Flange.
C. Braces.
D. Net.
E. All of the above
4. The following is prohibited:
A. Players wearing jewelry.
B. Bands playing during a live ball.
C. Fans using artificial noisemakers.
D. All of the above.
5. A1 is in the act of shooting. B3 fouls A3 off the ball. A1 continues their motion and scores. The goal shall not count. True or False?
Men's Collegiate Edition
1. A1 is airborne and releases the ball and “runs over” B1 who is in a legal guarding position, then there is Basket-Interference by B3. The Center Official rules a player control foul and ignores the Basket-Interference because the player control foul occurred first which makes the ball become dead. T-F
2. There are no player fist bumps with crew introductions. T-F
3. B3 taunts A3 before the game starts. The Head Coach of Team A wants A6 to shoot the free throws for the technical foul. A6 is replacing A5. Is this allowed. Yes-No
4. A1’s dribble is interrupted in the front court. A3 is in the lane for more than “3” seconds. The Lead Official rules a “3” second violation. T-F
5. Visiting Team B1’s captain notices that Team B’s pregame warm up balls are of a different type than the official game ball. Team B’s coach requests that Team B allowed to warm-up using the type of ball to be used in the game. Is this permissible. Yes-No
Women's Collegiate Edition
1. A1 attempts a try and their momentum carries them off the floor. Is it legal if the try is unsuccessful and A1 comes onto the playing court and regains control of the ball. Yes-No.
2. Closely guarded violations can occur in the back court or the front court. T-F
3. The following violations, the ruling official does not need to use an open hand:
A. Out of bounds.
B. 10 second back court violation.
C. 5 second violations.
D. All of the Above.
4. Basket Interference occurs when a player touches the ball or the basket when the ball is on or within the basket. T-F
5. Bobby Pins are allowed to control hair. T-F
International Edition
1. A1 attempts a try, the ball is on the ring when A3 touches the basket. The covering referee rules basket-interference. T-F
2. During A1’s last free throw before the ball touches the ring B1 reaches up through the basket from below and touches the ball. This is interference by B1 and A1 is awarded “1” point and a technical foul on B1. T-F
3. A1 is attempting a 2 point try. B3 reaches up through the basket and touches the ball while A1’s try is in flight. The covering official rules basket interference and counts the basket. T-F
4. A1 sets a legal screen on B2. A3 pushes A1 into B2. The foul shall be on A3. T-F
5. It is basket interference if a player causes the basket to vibrate or grasps the basket in such a way that, in the judgment of an official, the ball has been prevented from entering the basket or been caused to enter the basket. T-F
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Fan, Athlete Aggression Contributing to School
Sports Official Shortage
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Increasing violence toward school sports officials is contributing to a national and local referee shortage.
Author: Harri Leigh (FOX43)
Published: 3:53 AM EDT October 7, 2021
SPRING GROVE, Pa. — Increasing violence toward school sports officials is contributing to a national and local referee shortage, according to industry officials.
The shortage is especially critical in smaller sports, like soccer, volleyball, and field hockey. Lack of officials in those sports has led to rescheduled varsity games and even cancelled JV games. Click here to read more.
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Pros of Basketball Officiating Outweigh the Cons
Opinion
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GABE HART
Columnist
For most people in West Tennessee, this time of year is associated with Friday night lights on high school football fields and SEC football on Saturdays. The air turns cooler; the play on the field gets hotter. Football in the fall is as synonymous with the South as fried foods and high COVID numbers.
While I do love football, this time of year actually makes me think of basketball. Let me explain.
For the first nine years of my teaching career, I coached middle school or high school basketball. Around the end of September or early October, I had to start mentally preparing myself for days lasting anywhere from 12 to 15 hours. That was the norm from mid-October to late February. It didn’t take long to burn out. Eight years to be exact. Click here to read more.
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What is Happening to Our Sense
of Sportsmanship
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By Ray Brewer
Mon, Oct 4, 2021 (2 a.m.)
The club basketball game featured a few lead changes in the final minute and ultimately went into overtime. Emotions on both sides were running high and the play became physical.
The final buzzer went off with players from one team racing to the center of the court to celebrate a victory.
It was a different scene for the losing team’s players, who sulked on the sideline feeling as if they were cheated. But instead of packing up their gear to clear out for the next team, coaches went looking for answers.
For Vince Kristosik, the veteran Las Vegas official who worked the game, that’s where the nightmare began. Kristosik was alone in the gym’s bathroom afterward when he was approached by three coaches, whom he said got in his face, began to argue and were downright intimidating. He was frightened and raced out.
The Southern Nevada Officials Association is facing a significant shortage of referees for high school and youth sports, and the crunch can be partially attributed to the way officials are treated by parents and coaches, Kristosik said.
“The sportsmanship has been going down every year. It’s a sad state of affairs,” said Kristosik, who is the association’s president. “At some point, the officials have had enough. They are tired of getting harassed and screamed at, because the money isn’t that good.”
The lead official for a high school varsity football game makes $71.50. But for other positions on the crew, such as the clock operator, it pays about $27. When you consider the price of fueling up a car, it’s arguably volunteer work for the love of the game. Click here to read more.
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IAABO Good Citizen: Corey Al Lord, Bd. 50 PA
Founder, CAL Sports Academy
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When I think of someone working to better his community, day in and day out, one person immediately comes to mind. I met Corey A. Lord at an officiating camp when he wasn’t too shy to stand up and say it was his first day ever refereeing, mind you in a room full of about 75 accomplished officials. The activity he volunteered for was to call a foul and report it, being recorded on an iPad and then critiqued by the group on a huge projection screen! Looking back that was a sign Corey was comfortable with who he was, who he is, and what he represents.
We exchanged info that weekend and he reached out for refereeing mentorship, where I quickly learned his work ethic and passion for officiating are unmatched. Fortunately for me, I also gained a life and business mentor, plus a loyal friend.
As a teenager, Corey moved with his single mother from the Caribbean island of Barbados — a tropical island known for its beaches and botanical gardens — straight into Brooklyn, New York. He met his wife Dee on a subway platform when he was seventeen and they are still together today (married for 24 years) with three children: Sheny, Cordell, and Neil.
Corey attended Medgar Evers College while simultaneously pursuing a career in the corporate world in New York, working his way up from the mailroom into the company's junior executive program, when the company relocated him to Philadelphia suburbs. Putting his growing family and passion for athletics first, Corey turned down a lucrative corporate position. Continuing his education at Gwynedd Mercy University & Drexel University, he started his own business. Relying on his athletic DNA, having competed for his country in both track and field and soccer, Corey turned his energy to training and mentoring youth athletes at his CAL Sports Academy, which he runs with his wife Dee and the help of his kids and staff.
When the events of 2020 occurred, the usually busy CAL Sports building was closed. Camps and private training sessions were shut down, and Corey (like so many people) was faced with unprecedented uncertainty. But that didn’t stop his efforts.
Corey ran virtual sessions, produced content to inspire and uplift his community and keep people connected. Then when the holidays rolled around he came up with a plan. Even though he was feeling the strain of a lost year of business, he published an article on his website, newsletter, and social media calling for essays to be submitted so he could find someone who was in need of assistance. The post asked submissions to “Describe a specific situation or a type of hardship that is being experienced by your family that this monetary award can provide assistance towards.” It began as a $350 award and grew to $2,450 thanks to the generosity of donations and anonymous donors.
Corey and his family read submissions and learned of a single mother in their community who had lost her job due to Covid and needed help. On Christmas morning he dropped the envelope off at her apartment and as he left the woman came out and they had a long talk. Her son was put on scholarship to attend camps with CAL Sports when it reopened. That scholarship was extended and still stands today. I asked Corey why they did this Holiday act of kindness and his answer was simple: “I wanted to give back to the community and make someone feel better, especially during that year’s particularly tough holidays.”
This is just one of the many acts I’ve witnessed Corey and his family continuously doing. On their website CAL Sports states they have a “strong belief in giving back to the community we occupy. We celebrate individual success and encourage our players and teams to become stronger in all they do. Whether it is helping with a food drive, walking in a parade, writing letters to military men and women overseas, or raising awareness to end bullying and fight obesity, we focus on family and being there for players, families, and our communities. We bring awareness by building lasting relationships through a mutual passion for sports and well-being.” As they say in Barbados: “Big-Ups” to Corey A. Lord and his family for setting the standard and representing our officiating community so well.
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RefQuest is an online platform for high school. It was developed for basketball officials, by basketball officials. The creation of RefQuest provides a resource for referees to collaborate. This technology has been advanced by the RefQuest visionaries and utilizes world-class programmers who have made the platform user friendly, intuitive and provide unmatched value.
IAABO and RefQuest have teamed up to provide another great resource to the members of both organizations. IAABO's core mission is "to educate, train, develop, and provide continuous instruction for basketball officials." RefQuest provides new and exciting technology to help reach that goal.
If you would like to participate, please send an email message to deppley@iaabo.org and include your name, email address and board number.
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Sportorials Writers Wanted
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Dust off your writing skills; IAABO is looking for members to submit articles for publication in SPORTORIALS. We are specifically looking for rules-based articles and human interest stories involving our members. If you have the time, we have a dime for your efforts. Actually, we have several dimes. In other words, we don’t expect anyone to write for FREE. Authors who have articles that are printed will be compensated.
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The Officials’ vs. Cancer campaign is flexible this year due to the COVID-19. Boards are encouraged to select a week and have it approved by your state association. Pink whistles and lanyards are available. Anyone who makes an online donation in the amount of $25.00 or more will receive a pink whistle and pink whistle pouch. To make a donation, click here.
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Calling All Good IAABO Citizens
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So many of us impact our communities and our world for the better. IAABO would like to highlight many of the good deeds our officials have done throughout the year. We want to emphasize our belief in being good corporate and community citizens in the areas where we live and work. So, whether it be a random act of kindness or an organized volunteer effort, no good deed is too big or too small! Trust us, we’ll be humble so that our officials can be proud. Send your email to IAABO @ info@iaabo.org and tell us about a good deed you did this year.
Some examples include:
- Rescued a puppy
- Bought lunch for a stranger
- Organized a fundraiser
- Volunteered at a homeless shelter
- Donated blood
- Shoveled a neighbor’s driveway
- Helped a friend in need
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IAABO University
"An online basketball officiating certification class"
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If your board is participating and has prospective officials that would like to enroll in the course, please have them contact the IAABO Office @ info@iaabo.org
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Apply to be a High School Official!
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Make a difference in your community and become a high school official. #BecomeAnOfficial. Click here to read more.
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The NFHS is currently offering free officiating courses on their website @ NFHSLearn.com.
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Officially Human; Behind the Stripes LLC (OH) was founded by Brenda Hilton as a grassroots effort to "humanize" sport officials in all sports at all levels. Brenda has spent close to 20 years working with sport officials and coordinators at the DI level and grown to appreciate them for all they do for our youth and young adults. OH is currently working with 12 high school associations (with more on the horizon) across the country to survey officials at that level, gathering information to take back constituents and participating states in hopes of building a nationwide campaign. To date, 16,000+ officials have shared thoughts and ideas on how to address the issue.
OH currently has sportsmanship banners available for purchase to be displayed at venues; they can be customized with the venue logo.
@OffyHuman
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If you have any issues, please send an email to info@refquest.com and a member of the RefQuest team will contact you shortly.
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Steve Zazuri, owner of Blow Your Whistles located in Monroe, Connecticut, has been selected to be the Preferred Smitty/IAABO Dealer for all New England IAABO Boards. Steve is currently an active IAABO Board No. 9, Fairfield, CT member. Both Smitty and IAABO are very excited for Steve to service the New England IAABO membership. Steve will continue to provide his same outstanding service the IAABO Boards in New York. He can be reached at (203) 261-3128 or szazuri@blowyourwhistles.com.
Visit – www.blowyourwhistles.com to order your Smitty/IAABO products
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Smitty Officials’ Apparel – Smitty is the exclusive vendor for IAABO Logoed products. Click here to view a listing of preferred retailers.
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Click here to purchase Ref Life gear and enjoy Free Shipping - Must use code RefLife when checking out.
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Recently, the IAABO Office has received numerous inquiries about IAABO patches and their availability for purchase. IAABO Patches are no longer available for purchase. This was discontinued several years ago. Please visit Smitty Officials’ Apparel – Smitty is the exclusive vendor for IAABO Logoed products. Click here to view a listing of preferred retailers.
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Incrediware - A Natural
Wearable Anti-Inflammatory
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Incrediware’s mission is to design innovative products that help patients recover more effectively and faster while assisting medical professionals to deliver a new standard of care through further development and application of unique materials. IAABO officials are being offered the same discount as all NBA and NCAA officials. The promo code is: NCAAREF (30% discount). www.incrediwear.com
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IAABO watch and gift sets are now available at a special price of $99.95. To order your watch and gift set, please contact Donnie Eppley@ 717.713.8129 or email: eppleyd@comcast.net
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Special Deals for IAABO Basketball Officials
Briggs and Riley Luggage
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Briggs and Riley Luggage - Officials will receive a 60% discount on any product. Officials must use the form which can be obtained by clicking here - There is a lifetime guaranteed on the luggage.
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ISlides – Customize your own IAABO ISlides. Click here to get started.
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Use the code BRZNBB15 at check out and get 15% off.
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NFHS
1. True-Case Book-1.13.1
2. True- 4-6-1
3. E-1-10-2
4. D- Case Book 1.18, 3-5-7
5. False- 4-11-1, 4-11-2, 6-7-7-Exception-c.
Men's Collegiate
1. True-5-1.15
2. True-Manual-1.1
3. Yes-8-3.4
4. True- 9-9, 4-9.3.
5. Yes-1-16.10-Note, A.R. 2.
Women's Collegiate
1. Yes- A.R. 197
2. False- 9-14.1
3. D- Manual-1.1.1-A.1.
4. True-9-15.2.a.1
5. False-1-24.1.a
International
1. True - Article 31.2.4. The keys are that the ball is on the ring and A3 touches the basket.
2. True - Article 31.2.4, Interpretation 31-1, 31-2.
3. True - Article-31.2.4, Interpretation 31-1
4. False - Article 34.1.1
5. True - Article-31.2.4 Interpretation 31-16, 31-17, 31-18
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